The ethno-science reach method involves the nurse researcher undertaking ethnographic study using direct observation and the interviewing of selected culture bearing individuals from within a specific ethnic group, to gain data sets from the emic or insider perspective (Leininger, 1978). A metaparadigm is the most general statement of discipline and functions as a framework in which the more restricted structures of conceptual models develop. These needs include the need for security, comfort, and a sense of belonging, and Leininger argued that it was the role of nurses to provide care that meets these universal needs in a culturally sensitive manner. There are the original inhabitants; the Aboriginal people, as well as the more socially dominant Anglo-Canadian population, descendants of the settlers who came here from countries in Europe during the colonial era and in more recent times, immigrants who have arrived from a range of countries across the globe. Leininger started writing in the 1960s and her theory of transcultural nursing, also known as Culture Care Diversity and Universality, has turned out to be groundbreaking work in the nursing arena and been extensively implemented in western countries (Andrews & Boyle, 1995; Papadopoulos, 2004; Price & Cortis, 2000; Fawcett, 2002; Lister, 1999; Chinn, 1991; Cohen, 2000; Cooney, 1994; Narayanaswamy & White, 2005; Rajan, 1995; Chevannes, 2002; Coup, 1996; Culley, 1996). The qualitative paradigm provides new ways of knowing and different ways to discover the epistemic and ontological dimensions of human care. Care knowledge and skill are often repatterned for the best interest of the clients. Upon graduation from Sutton High School Madeleine decided that she was going to attend college but she was unsure on which course to choose. Although Leininger claims to not be of the positivism perspective with regard to her theory (Leininger, 1995), I believe that her assumptions of truth could be viewed from a positivism perspective. Health is a state of being to maintain and the ability to help individuals or groups to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed beneficial care and patterned ways (Leininger et al, 2006, p.10). In 1969 Leininger established the first course in transcultural nursing in the United States and in 1977 initiated the first masters and doctoral programs specific to that field. Later, in 1954, she received a Master of Science Degree in Nursing at the Catholic University of America. Second, the terms theories and models are often used in the same way but are different. At one time, Leininger revealed that her aunt who ailed a congenital heart disease worn her heart to the field of nursing (Sagar, 2012). It is useful and applicable to both groups and individuals with the goal of rendering . Madeleine Leininger who lived from 13 July 1925 to 10 August 2012 was an author, scholar, professor, administrator, consultant, and a nursing theorist and anthropologist (Jeffreys, 2008). July 16, 2022. https://nursingbird.com/transcultural-nursing-theory-by-madeleine-leininger/. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse 13. Nurses need to know how to effectively relate to and communicate with those patients in their care (Pallen, 2000). Today, Canadas population represents citizens who originate from more than 150 different countries, who speak over 100 languages and practice over several religions. NursingBird, 16 July 2022, nursingbird.com/transcultural-nursing-theory-by-madeleine-leininger/. (2022, April 16). It involves the understanding of different cultures when . However, such an approach is vital in the nurses scope of care. They tend to be embedded in such things as worldview, language, spirituality, kinship, politics and economics, education, technology, and environment. Person metaparadigm concept (definitions from Masters, 2015): Florence Nightingale: Recipient of nursing care (p. 28). With regard to the critical concerns about the metaparadigm concept, Leiningers approach is based on the modified perception of the nursing discipline that is primarily focused on care and culture. Furthermore, Schultz & Meleis (1988) suggest that a person who uses conceptual knowledge uses knowledge from disciplines other than nursing. The Transcultural Nursing theory developed by Madeleine Leininger is now a nursing discipline that is an integral part of how nurses practice in the healthcare field today. For the past 40 years Dr. Leininger has been instrumental in developing concepts, definitions, and a theoretical and research base for the development of transcultural nursing with a human care focus. The way in which people perceive different cultures may be considered true to them and not true to someone else. As a result, two significant concepts of care and culture were included as the essence and the central dominant of nursing. Leininger (1978) considered that nurses tended to rely on uni-cultural professional values which are largely defined from our dominant Anglo-American caring values and therefore unsuited for use in the nursing of people from other cultures (p.11). To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: The objective for the development of a theory is to illustrate, define, or systematize knowledge in a professional field of study. With that said, by providing culturally congruent care that is respectful towards various cultural beliefs, values, and practices, one might obtain the moral and ethical responsibility in terms of professional care. Until her death in 2012, she remained as one of nursing's most prolific writers and the foremost authorities throughout the world in the field of cultural care. These actions help a patient to modify personal health behaviors towards beneficial outcomes while respecting the patients cultural values. These elements can, therefore, guide nurses to apply the theory by the four meta-paradigms of nursing. Evaluation of Madeleine Leiningers Culture Care Theory. . If you use an assignment from StudyCorgi website, it should be referenced accordingly. The concepts addressed in the model are: Care, which assists others with real or anticipated needs in an effort to improve a human condition of concern, or to face death. StudyCorgi. Leiningers model makes the following assumptions: The Culture Care Theory defines nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession that focuses on human care phenomena and caring activities in order to help, support, facilitate, or enable patients to maintain or regain health in culturally meaningful ways, or to help them face handicaps or death. Out of Stock. With regards to the type of Leiningers knowledge I assume it to be conceptual knowledge (Schultz & Meleis, 1988). In contemporary nursing contexts, nurses have used the culture care theory to describe, explain, predict, and document day-to-day experiences of their patients. Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing: Nursing, Diversity And Universality Theory. Madeleine Leininger was born on July 13, 1925 in Sutton, Nebraska. Ethno science provided a means to obtain local or indigenous peoples viewpoints, beliefs and practices about nursing care or the modes of caring behaviors and processes of the designated cultural group for use in providing nursing care (specifically ethno-nursing) to that particular group (Leininger, 1978, p.15). The concept comprises two aspects: paradigm shift and paradigmatic thinking. The delivery of nursing care is a significantly social activity. There is also a number of transcultural models and guides that were impacted by the Leiningers CCT. The danger with this approach, she maintains, is that it suggests that everyone designated to a particular group will be believed to experience and understand the world in the same way and it doesnt take into regard the persons individuality, only the community/culture the person belongs too. Copyright 2023 Alice Petiprin, Nursing-Theory.org. "Evaluation of Madeleine Leiningers Culture Care Theory." This term does not refer to health, specifically, as the construct health is used in many . NursingBird. Caring Imperative in Education (41-2308) Madeleine Leininger. Madeleine Leininger 12. During the 1960s and 1970s, immigrants from less traditional countries such as the Hispanic and Asian communities were settling down in the USA in larger numbers (Gabbacia, 2002). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. hbbd``b`$zc[$ d !~$b5 ! Leininger felt that the anthropologys most important contribution to nursing was to provide a foundation for the claim that health and illness states are primarily determined by the cultural background of the individual (Leininger, 1970, 1978) Her theory is in accord with the anthropological models that dominated in the 1960s when Leininger first undertook fieldwork in Papua Guinea, a study which she still continues to reference some 40 years later (Leininger & McFarland, 2003). To incorporate the theory into practice, Leininger established the Transcultural Nursing Society to harmonise the thoughts of nurses globally. However, it is the manner in which the information is obtained that brings forth the question of whether or not it is actually true. However, Leininger failed to explain the application of the theory where cultures exhibit common behaviours owing to the shared values, norms, attitudes, practices, knowledge, and/or language among other cultural characteristics. The Nursing Metaparadigm There are four major concepts that are frequently interrelated and fundamental to nursing theory: person, environment, health, and nursing. Leininger has defined health as a state of wellbeing that is culturally defined and constituted. *You can also browse our support articles here >. Early in her career, Madeleine Leininger recognized the importance of the element of caring in the profession of nursing. Cultural Care Re-Patterning or Restructuring refers to therapeutic actions taken by culturally competent nurses. Sagar (2012) attests that the culture theory holds that diverse cultures perceive, understand, and exercise care in different ways. Once the assessment is complete, the nurse should use the culturalogical assessment to create a nursing care plan that also takes the patients cultural background into consideration. In addition, I think that Leiningers theory may also be perceived as liberal, humanist perspective (Campesino, 2008). and is a Registered Nurse. Nursing is a transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the central purpose to serve human beings worldwide. Regardless of their relationship with culture care, cure and healing are inherent processes that occur within the patient (Jeffreys, 2008). The Role Of Theory And Practice Facilitated By Reflection Nursing Essay. Historically, nursing care in Canada was provided by nurses of Anglo-Saxon origin and today nurses work in a healthcare system developed during the era of British Colonization which was has an enduring tradition in western values and ideology (no ref). Leiningers theory finds its application in a number of nursing occupations in areas such as education, informatics, administration, and/or general nursing practice. Leininger found the four concepts of person, health, environment and nursing which are the definitive metaparadigm of nursing questionable, limited, inappropriate, and inadequate to explain or fully discover nursing especially ideas bearing on transcultural nursing (Leininger & MacFarland, 2006, p.6). 1. Leininger's culture care theory describes three of the four metaparadigms of nursing, namely people, nursing, and health. Dewey (1938) stated that all genuine education comes through experience. According to Ayiera (2016), the CCT is based upon the clinical experience considering that the aspect of culture was a missing link in the nursing care practice. https://studycorgi.com/evaluation-of-madeleine-leiningers-culture-care-theory/. Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 - August 10, 2012) was an internationally known educator, author, theorist, administrator, researcher, consultant, public speaker, and the developer of the concept of transcultural nursing that has a great impact on how to deal with patients of different culture and cultural background. In addition, the theory has helped nurses develop a multidimensional cultural competence that reinforces their roles and confidence of handling patients who suffer from different health conditions (Butts & Rich, 2010). The improvement of Leiningers culture care theory and other conceptual frameworks have made transculture become a universally accepted practice in many health institutions. The evaluation of individuals in the process of cultural analysis forces the nurse to seek inherent cultural knowledge and values that exist within the client. NursingBird. As defined by a theorist herself, nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession which is focused on human care phenomena and activities (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015, p. 20). Madeleine Leininger's theory of care and nursing is a prime example of how knowledge taken from one field can synergistically benefit another (Leininger, 1988). madeleine leininger introduced her cultural care diversity and universality theory. N,\GXX>$&`Yj*7s E,F*`o= $sm@"mB@R They should be thoroughly examined, assessed, and implemented in the dynamic nurse-client interrelation. Environment Leininger (1995) also discusses the use of her ethnonursing method enabled her (1995) to obtain the peoples ideas, values, beliefs, and practices of care and contrast them later with nurses knowledge (p. 99), and thereby enrich the cultural knowledge of nursing and nurses. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. The most comprehensive guide to transcultural nursing in global settings, covering pain management, mental health therapies, child-rearing practices, certification, and much more. Furthermore, McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah (2015) state that it was used to tease out largely unknown data about culture care (p. 19). The Transcultural Nursing theory first appeared in Leiningers Culture Care Diversity and Universality, published in 1991, but it was developed in the 1950s. Transcultural Nursing Theory by Madeleine Leininger. She recognized that a patients ethnicity had the potential to impact on health and illness. Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally-based nursing care contributes to the well-being of individuals, families, and communities within their environmental context. In addition, Leiningers nursing theory fails to provide a lucid insight into disease symptoms and the processes of administering cure. . defined as a learned subfield or branch of nursing which focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values with the goal to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people according to their cultural values and . Beginning with an overview of the theory and its origins, this book presents the assumptions underlying the theory; the major concepts of the meta . The Native people also wanted to be represented in the new human rights movement and assert equality with the mainstream Americans (Gabbacia, 2002; Price and Cordell, 1994; Naylor, 1997). Theory can be utilized in all facets of nursing and promotes the advancement of education, knowledge and care in the profession. The nursing society facilitates various issues such as nursing consultation, learning, direct care, ethnonursing research, and policymaking via an online platform to develop universally accepted holistic methods that find their use in health care (Jeffreys, 2008). 5 Pages. From her studies in anthropology, Leiningers theory of cultural care was published in 1967 and over a 40 year plan it has been further developed and refined. As Daly and Jackson (2003) write, the theory was to discover what in universal(commonalities) and what is diverse about human care values, beliefs and practices (pxiii). Free resources to assist you with your nursing studies! Beginning with an overview of the theory and its origins, this book presents the assumptions underlying the theory; the major concepts of the meta-paradigm of nursing, including the nursing. White (2004) discusses that the study of epistemology is to figure out what can be recognized as true and not necessarily to present facts I tried to delve into how Leiningers assumptions about truth by looking into how she obtained and interpreted her knowledge. Busher Betancourt, D. (2016). Butts, J.B. & Rich, K.L. The idea of culture stems from an anthropological setting while the concept of care springs from a nursing context. Therefore, it guides nurses to establish the best criteria for administering treatment by developing all-inclusive nursing decisions for patients. The metaparadigm is a conceptual framework or an idea-map about how something works. That is, as Leininger (1995) discusses the importance of understanding the others perspective Rajan (1995) contends that, Leininger demonstrates a phenomenological approach (p.452). Culture care differences and similarities between the nurse and patient exist in any human culture worldwide. This black community arose to assert its voice as American citizens born in America and entitled to all the rights and benefits as promised by the American Constitution for the citizens of America (Ward, 2003). Running Head: NURSE THEORIS, MADELEINE LEININGER Institutional Affiliation Student's Affiliation Date 1 NURSE It explains the interaction between the provider of culture care and the patient (Jeffreys, 2008). Every individual has a different belief on what nursing is. Well write a 100%plagiarism-free paper this fast! Hair and Donoghue (2009) support this when they state, root causes for behaviors, thoughts, and feelings can be discovered, generalized, and predicted. The theory has now developed into a discipline in nursing. o The METAPARADIGM concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing serve as an . 2022. According to Leininger, human care is a collective practice that is existent among universally diverse communities. Critical theory recognizes that, nursing science and practice involves examining ways in which categories of social difference are constructed and operate in structural systems of privilege and power (Campesino, 2009, p. 300). Published: 11th Feb 2020, Canada is not a melting pot in which the individuality of each element is destroyed in order to produce a new and totally different element. Leininger's theory describes nursing as a powerful practice that focuses on the cultural attributes and perspectives of targeted clients. Nursing theorists and their work (9th ed.). The assessment addresses the following: Leininger proposes that there are three modes for guiding nurses judgments, decisions, or actions in order to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care: preservation and/or maintenance; accommodation and/or negotiation; and re-patterning and/or restructuring. Leiningers transcultural care theory uses inductive reasoning to elucidate congruent culture care norms and values. (2022) 'Transcultural Nursing Theory by Madeleine Leininger'. 11. Leininger used her anthropological knowledge to develop the cultural knowledge of nurses. Caring is essential for well-being, health, healing, growth, and to face death. In todays healthcare field, it is required for nurses to be sensitive to their patients cultural backgrounds when creating a nursing plan. Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory (Notes on Nursing Theories) by Cheryl Reynolds and Madeleine Leininger | Oct 15, 1993. Therefore, the theory development is based upon the four metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing in order to explain nursing. The concept of health has great importance in Leiningers Culture Care theory but has been viewed by Leininger in a different perspective than traditionally implied. These metaparadigm concepts are defined below: Care. I question whether Leininger did this, for I could not find any discussion regarding the potential for power difference (Leininger, 1995 & Leininger, 2010 *******ADD MORE REFERENCES HERE). Leiniger 1. Thus all care modalities require coparticipation of the nurse and clients (consumers) working together to identify, plan, implement, and evaluate each caring mode for culturally congruent nursing care. This power imbalance is discussed in depth within critical theory (Campesino, 2008). The American Civil rights movement was just starting to find its footing when Leininger began her work in the 1950s. Madeleine Leiningers (1978) theory of transcultural nursing embodies the basis of this work: If human beings are to survive and live in a healthy, peaceful and The metaparadigm consists of four concepts: persons, environment, health, and nursing. Culture refers to learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways to a specific individual or group that guide their thinking, decisions, actions, and patterned ways of living. As such, I wonder to what extent Leininger compensated or thought about this influence. In addition, Leininger stresses the importance of rounded assessment of individuals, families, groups, and/or institutions in an attempt to deliver culturally congruent care. Culture Care Universality refers to common care or similar meanings that are evident among many cultures. The Downtown Review, 2(1), 1-7. Health refers to a state of well-being that is culturally defined and valued by a designated culture. The Transcultural Nursing Theory, or CCT, aims at obtaining a comprehensive knowledge of the care issue that concerns the cultural expectations of the patients. 2022. Instead, care has the greatest epistemic and ontologic explanatory power to explain nursing. Margaret Newman 16. Jeffreys (2008) reveals that the theory has sometimes led to the formulation of imprecise clinical decisions, especially where nurses fail to draw clear inferences about cultural congruence. The major concepts of the theory include transcultural nursing, ethnonursing (aforementioned), professional nursing care, and cultural congruence. Features of Our Website Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing theory. The growing interest in the nursing discipline is what led her to pursue a doctoral programme in Cultural and Social Anthropology. Conceptual knowledge is abstracted and generalized beyond personal experiences; it explicates the patterns revealed in multiple experiences in multiple situations and articulates them as models or theories. (Schultz & Meleis, 1988, p. 220). Leininger (1995) also communicates the importance of being aware of not providing care from an ethnocentric perspective, which is also supported by this philosophy (Rajan, 1995). In the contemporary world, the knowledge about cultural diversity has become increasingly important for nurses. Leininger started writing in the 1960's and her theory of transcultural nursing, also known as Culture Care Diversity and Universality, has turned out to be groundbreaking work in the nursing arena and been extensively implemented in western countries (Andrews & Boyle, 1995; Papadopoulos, 2004; Price & Cortis, 2000; Fawcett, 2002; Lister, 1999; Leininger describes herself as an anthropologist and a nurse. It also helps strengthen a nurses commitment to nursing based on nurse-patient relationships and emphasizing the whole person rather than viewing the patient as simply a set of symptoms or an illness. Welcome to Our Website Dr. Madeleine Leininger was the foundress of the worldwide Transcultural Nursing movement. transcultural nursing from 1966 . She holds a PhD in Cultural Anthropology and wrote her theory while studying in that field. The concepts of Dr. Leininger's Theory In response to the question: How does your theory rely upon the four nursing paradigms of person, environment, health, and nursing, Dr Leininger replied: "The four nursing paradigms are too restrictive for open discovery about culture and care". This led to what is known as the transcultural nursing approach which Leininger considers ethno-nursing and the design of a research methodology deemed ethno-science was developed to collect cultural data. As Andrews (2008) proposes, Transcultural nurses have taken action and are transforming nursing and healthcare in many places in the world (p.13). person and individualism are the dominating concepts. Nurses need to appreciate the knowledge about culture care for the best nursing customs. The theory develops on the behavioural patterns and commonality of patients. It has become apparent in recent years that the growing cultural diversity has challenged much of these long-established assumptions about health, illness and health care provision. The world of the ethnographer today, they claim is a politically charged space (p.21) and as a consequence the act of researcher can no longer be viewed from a neutral or ostensibly objective perspective. -Fundadora de la enfermera transcultural y lder en la teora de los cuidados a las personas. This applies to Leiningers theory as there are unknown truths about cultures to be discovered. She earned several degrees, including a Doctor of Philosophy, a Doctor of Human Sciences, a Doctor of Science. Additionally, the study of the values, norms, language, attitudes, and practices of diverse cultures in a nursing perspective require nurses to base their judgement on professional nursing care whilst upholding all-encompassing cultural congruence. Kasper, C., & Zoucha, R. (2019). After conducting adequate research, she gathered enough knowledge that helped her integrate nursing and anthropology. She attend Sutton High School and graduated upon completion. Alligood, M. (2018). Madeleine states of the impacts of the interaction of physical and social factors on the health and well-being of the people receiving care. Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer 15. The theory addresses the need to integrate nursing techniques and anthropological concepts to nurse diseases from a cultural outlook of a patient. Jeffreys (2008) describes transcultural nursing as an approach to treatment that focuses on investigation of the patients cultural background prior to the development of a nursing plan. Madeleine Leininger Views on the 4 Metaparadigms Leininger was the first nurse to formally explore the relationship between patients and their different ethnic backgrounds. They expect the best care practices for them to regain their health. Some of Madeleine Leiningers works include: Madeleine Leiningers theory of Transcultural Nursing, also known as Culture Care Theory, falls under both the category of a specialty, as well as a general practice area. The interrelatedness between these concepts conceives sound nursing decisions for the treatment of patients. Canada is recognized as a multicultural nation. Leiningers Culture Care Theory finds its applicability in my nursing occupation. While transcultural concepts seek the knowledge about the cultural background, ethnonursing concepts enable the nurse analyse the specific cultural factors by relating them to the patients health (Butts & Rich, 2010). By conceptualizing the theory, one might define a basic theoretical tenet, which is described by Alligood (2018) as care diversities and universalities that co-exist among cultures (p. 347). I do agree with Leininger that these concepts have an essential role in nursing in providing culturally appropriate state of wellbeing and satisfaction. Leininger used the concept to explain why human beings exist in a multiplicity of cultures by their universality nature that prompts them to provide care for each other within diverse cultural settings that have varied needs (Butts & Rich, 2010).
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